Cholangitis

Cholangitis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	K 83.0
ICD-9	576.1
DiseasesDB	2514
eMedicine	med/2665 emerg/96
MeSH	D002761

Cholangitis is inflammation of the bile duct. The most common cause is a bacterial infection, and the problem is then an ascending cholangitis. However, there are other types of cholangitis as well.

1 Presentation
2 Types of cholangitis

Presentation

The classic triad of cholangitis is fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain.

Types of cholangitis

Ascending cholangitis

Main article: Ascending cholangitis

Ascending cholangitis is caused by bacteria, and causes pain, jaundice, and fever. The bacteria usually originate from a preceding choledocholithiasis.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Main article: Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a cholangitis with autoimmune origin.

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis is a cholangitis with other causes.

Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

Main article: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is a cholangitis usually associated with gallstones which recurs. It is also known as cholangiohepatitis.

Inflammation

Acute

Plasma derived mediators	Bradykinin · complement (C3, C5a, MAC) · coagulation (Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin)

Cell derived mediators	preformed: Lysosome granules · vasoactive amines (Histamine, Serotonin) synthesized on demand: cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1) · eicosanoids (Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins) · Nitric oxide · Kinins

Chronic

Macrophage · Epithelioid cell · Giant cell · Granuloma

Processes

Traditional: Rubor · Calor · Tumor · Dolor (pain) · Functio laesa
Modern: Acute-phase reaction/Fever · Vasodilation · Increased vascular permeability · Exudate · Leukocyte extravasation · Chemotaxis

Specific types

Nervous	CNS (Encephalitis, Myelitis) · Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) · PNS (Neuritis) · eye (Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis, Chorioretinitis, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis) · ear (Otitis, Labyrinthitis, Mastoiditis)

Cardiovascular	Carditis (Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis) · Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis, Capillaritis)

Respiratory	upper (Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis) · lower (Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis) · Mediastinitis

Digestive	mouth (Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis, Cheilitis, Pulpitis, Gnathitis) · tract (Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Caecitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis) · accessory (Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis) · Peritonitis

Integumentary	Dermatitis (Folliculitis) · Cellulitis · Hidradenitis

Musculoskeletal	Arthritis · Dermatomyositis · soft tissue (Myositis, Synovitis/Tenosynovitis, Bursitis, Enthesitis, Fasciitis, Capsulitis, Epicondylitis, Tendinitis, Panniculitis) Osteochondritis: Osteitis (Spondylitis, Periostitis) · Chondritis

Urinary	Nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis) · Ureteritis · Cystitis · Urethritis

Reproductive	female: Oophoritis · Salpingitis · Endometritis · Parametritis · Cervicitis · Vaginitis · Vulvitis · Mastitis male: Orchitis · Epididymitis · Prostatitis · Balanitis · Balanoposthitis pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis · Omphalitis

Endocrine	Insulitis · Hypophysitis · Thyroiditis · Parathyroiditis · Adrenalitis

Lymphatic	Lymphangitis · Lymphadenitis

Digestive system · Digestive disease · Gastroenterology (primarily K20–K93, 530–579)

Upper GI tract

Lower GI tract:
Intestinal/
enteropathy

Small intestine/ (duodenum/jejunum/ileum)	Enteritis (Duodenitis, Jejunitis, Ileitis) — Peptic (duodenal) ulcer (Curling's ulcer) — Malabsorption: Coeliac · Tropical sprue · Blind loop syndrome · Whipple's · Short bowel syndrome · Steatorrhea · Milroy disease

Large intestine (appendix/colon)	Appendicitis · Colitis (Pseudomembranous, Ulcerative, Ischemic, Microscopic, Collagenous, Lymphocytic) · Functional colonic disease (IBS, Intestinal pseudoobstruction/Ogilvie syndrome) — Megacolon/Toxic megacolon · Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis

Large and/or small	Enterocolitis (Necrotizing) · IBD (Crohn's disease) — vascular: Abdominal angina · Mesenteric ischemia · Angiodysplasia — Bowel obstruction: Ileus · Intussusception · Volvulus · Fecal impaction — Constipation · Diarrhea (Infectious) · Intestinal adhesions

Rectum	Proctitis (Radiation proctitis) · Proctalgia fugax · Rectal prolapse

Anus	Anal fissure/Anal fistula · Anal abscess · Anal dysplasia · Pruritus ani

GI bleeding/BIS

Upper (Hematemesis, Melena) · Lower (Hematochezia)

Accessory

Liver	Hepatitis (Viral hepatitis, Autoimmune hepatitis, Alcoholic hepatitis) · Cirrhosis (PBC) · Fatty liver (NASH) · vascular (Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Portal hypertension, Nutmeg liver) · Alcoholic liver disease · Liver failure (Hepatic encephalopathy, Acute liver failure) · Liver abscess (Pyogenic, Amoebic) · Hepatorenal syndrome · Peliosis hepatis

Gallbladder	Cholecystitis · Gallstones/Cholecystolithiasis · Cholesterolosis · Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses · Postcholecystectomy syndrome · Porcelain gallbladder

Bile duct/ other biliary tree	Cholangitis (PSC, Secondary sclerosing cholangitis, Ascending) · Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome · Biliary fistula · Haemobilia · Gallstones/Cholelithiasis common bile duct (Choledocholithiasis, Biliary dyskinesia) · Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

Pancreatic	Pancreatitis (Acute, Chronic, Hereditary) · Pancreatic pseudocyst · Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency · Pancreatic fistula

Abdominopelvic

Hernia	Diaphragmatic: Congenital diaphragmatic · Hiatus — Abdominal hernia: Inguinal (Indirect, Direct) · Umbilical · Incisional · Femoral — Obturator hernia · Spigelian hernia · Internal hernia

Peritoneal	Peritonitis (Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) · Hemoperitoneum · Pneumoperitoneum

digestive system: anat of tract,glands,perit,diaphragm/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/congen of d+w/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc, meds:A (1/2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/12/14/16)

This medical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangitis"

Categories: Digestive system | Medicine stubs